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“中国石雕之都”--福建省惠安县

已有 72 次阅读 2013-10-09 08:44

“中国石雕之都”--福建省惠安县

从沈海高速公路福建黄塘出口处进入惠安，沿惠黄（塘）、惠崇（武）路两侧，映入眼帘的是1000多件大小不一、形态各异、材质不同的石雕工艺品。这里就是闻名遐迩的“石雕景观大道”。

惠安先民历千年之岁序，拓闽疆之洪荒，融中原文化、闽越文化、海洋文化为一体，汲晋唐遗风、宋元神韵、明清风范之精华，蜕变成精雕细刻、纤巧灵动的惠安雕刻艺术风格，成为南派雕刻艺术的代表，入选首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。惠安石雕以其历史源远流长、产业规模宏大、雕刻技艺精湛、品牌效应凸显而闻名中外。惠安先后被授予“中国雕艺之乡”、“中国石雕之都”荣誉称号。

产业规模全国之最

改革开放以来，个体、联营、中外合资、外商独资等形式的雕刻企业迅速发展，石雕石材业成为惠安县五大传统支柱产业中产值最大、出口量最多也是最有特色的产业。目前，全县石雕石材及配套企业1300多家，其中规模以上企业200多家，从业人员11.8万多人，产品畅销几十个国家和地区。

雕刻技艺全国知名

惠安有石雕、木雕、砖雕、泥雕、瓷雕，尤以石雕、木雕品种最为繁多。石雕产品按其用途可分为碑石、城市园林雕塑、建筑构件、家私实用器具、工艺品等5大类，从工艺上主要分为圆雕、浮雕、线雕、影雕、沉雕、微雕6大类千余品种。

圆雕是立体型的雕刻品，其工艺以镂空技法和精细剁斧见长，巧夺天工，造型生动。

浮雕是半立体的雕刻，图像造型凸现于石料表面。

线雕是在加工成平滑光洁的石料上，描出各种线条及装饰图，具有线条明朗、图案清晰、效果明显、装饰性强的特点。

影雕雏形始于清代李周独创的“针黑白”工艺。

沉雕是一种将石料经平面打平或磨光加工后，在石面上描摹图案，依图案刻上线条，以线条的粗细深浅程度来表现各种美术图案、文字等的石雕工艺。

微雕，是一种小似果核、轻如纸片、薄似蝉翼，可置于掌心、指间的微型石雕新工艺新产品。

随着惠安雕艺品牌知名度的提升，惠安雕艺产业规模不断发展壮大，产品市场占有率不断提高，仅出口日本的碑石就占其进口总量的80%。近几年，欧美市场每年以约30%的增速进口来自惠安雕艺企业的各类工艺品。

Carving skills nationally known

         Hui An with stone, wood, brick, clay sculpture, porcelain carving, especially in stone, wood species most numerous. Stone products can be classified according to their use stones, garden sculptures, architectural elements, furniture and practical utensils, handicrafts and other five categories, from the process can be divided into relief, relief, line carving, shadow carving, Shen carving, miniature six class more than a thousand varieties.

         Sculpture is three-dimensional sculptures, the process with openwork known techniques and fine cutting ax, intricate, vivid.

         Is a semi-dimensional relief carving, image styling highlights on stone surfaces.

         Line engraving is processed into a smooth smooth stone on a variety of lines and decorative figure delineate, with clear lines, a clear pattern, the effect is obvious, decorative features.

         Shadow carving prototype began in the Qing Li Zhou original "black and white pin" technology.

         Shen carving is a kind of stone or polished by plane tie after processing, tracing patterns in the stone surface, depending on the pattern engraved lines, line thickness to degree of difficulty to the performance of a variety of art design, text and other stonework.

         Dermabrasion is a little like a stone, as light as paper, thin like onion skin, can be placed in the palm, fingers miniature carving of new technology and new products.

         With Hui enhance brand awareness carving art, Hoi An industrial scale carving art has grown in strength, product market share continues to increase, it is only monument of its exports to Japan for 80% of total imports. In recent years, U.S. and European markets for about 30% of the annual growth rate of imports from Hui An carving art crafts enterprises of all types.